From the very beginning of the development of neutron scattering as a probe of materials it was recognised that not only could atomic structures be determined – that is, the static or time-averaged locations of the constituent atoms – but so could the motions of the atoms, be that vibrational or diffusive motion. Moreover, because the neutron has a magnetic moment, the fluctuations of the magnetic moments at an atomic scale can be probed, both of the atomic magnetic moments in an insulator and those of the conduction electrons in a metal.
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