In his famous talk, There's Plenty of Room at the bottom, Professor Richard Feynman predicted the promising future of nanomaterials. “I can't see exactly what would happen, but I can hardly doubt that when we have some control of the arrangement of things on a small scale we will get an enormously greater range of possible properties that substances can have, and of different things that we can do.” He said that in December 1959 envisioning scaling down the electrical components from macrosizes at the time, to the wonderland of micro- and nanosizes, the scale of single atoms and molecules. Since then, many efforts have been made toward the atomic-level understanding and exploitation of matter to utilize the nanoscale properties. Carbon nanotubes provide the most illustrious example. But, it was not until late 2004 that the feasibility of isolating a single layer of graphite with a thickness of one-atom, so-called graphene, was experimentally demonstrated by mechanical exfoliation of graphite his discovery is considered a breakthrough in the nanotechnology era, bringing the concept of single atomic components closer to reality.

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