Recent advances in ground-breaking conjugated microporous polymers-based materials, their synthesis, modification and potential applications

Abstract

Owing to considerable energy constraints and global warming phenomenon, to find alternative sources of renewable and affordable energy has become a highly prerequisite in this current era. Use of sustainable technologies in this regard for renewable fuel retention applications has become more beneficial in encouraging the broad usage of clean energy. Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are a distinct family of composites, that merge extensive the π-conjugation with microporous structure. The CMPs have been recognized as an essential subclass of porous composites, ever since their development in 2007. The CMPs have been developed with a number of distinct configurations and characteristics, which allows for the versatility of conjugated framework cellular implementations and mesoporous structure. The exploration of CMPs in sustainable fuel devices is crucial for the development of CMP-based composites and their use in sustainability and environmental design. Numerous network developing processes and synthesized building components provide a huge heterogeneity of CMPs with various characteristics and design patterns. As a consequence, CMPs have been employed here for cathode/anode materials for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), sodium/potassium LIBs, supercapacitors, fuel cell electrode for solar cell, hydrogen storage materials, photocatalytic hydrogen and oxygen production reaction (HER, OER), photocatalytic CO2 reduction and so on. Due to the large surface areas of these composites, the distinctive charge storage mechanisms found in CMPs are explored, and a synopsis of how CMPs might facilitate ultrafast in desirable variety is presented. In addition, an evaluation between CMPs and linear polymers is presented, which provides further assistance for the synthesis of active materials. The most significant shortcomings experienced by CMPs in the domains of energy production have been evaluated, and potential strategies, synthetic process with reactions, physiochemical properties along with morphology have been demonstrated. Thus, this review is intended to be an entertaining and motivating study in the scientific community of the energy storage experts.

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