UH researchers have discovered a new material that has proven to be an effective anode for acid and alkaline batteries, including emerging aqueous metal-ion batteries, offering the promise of safe, long-lasting batteries that work across a range of temperatures. Image: University of Houston.Modern batteries power everything from cars to cell phones, but they are far from perfect – they catch fire, they perform poorly in cold weather and they have relatively short lifecycles, among other issues. Now, in a paper in Nature Materials, researchers at the University of Houston (UH) describe a new class of material that addresses many of those concerns.
The researchers, led by Yan Yao, associate professor of electrical and computer engineering, report their use of quinones – an inexpensive, earth-abundant and easily recyclable material – to create stable anode composites for any aqueous rechargeable battery.
"This new material is cheap and chemically stable in such a corrosive environment," said Yao, who is also a principal investigator with the Texas Center for Superconductivity at UH, with an appointment to the chemical and biomolecular engineering faculty. The material also can be used to create a ‘drop-in replacement’ for current battery anodes, allowing the new material to be used without changing existing battery manufacturing lines. "This can get to market much faster," Yao said.
Yao and his lab, including research associate Yanliang Liang, who served as first author on the paper, began this work in 2013, after being awarded $1 million from the US Department of Energy's Advanced Research Project Agency - Energy (ARPA-E) RANGE program to develop new battery technology. Other researchers involved in the project include: Yan Jing, Saman Gheytani and Kuan-Yi Lee, all at UH; Ping Liu at the University of California-San Diego; and Antonio Faccheti at Northwestern University.
Energy storage is the key to wider adoption of electric cars, wind and solar power, along with other clean energy technologies. But the development of battery storage systems that can store energy until it is needed and then be recharged with additional generation has been hampered by the lack of batteries that are environmentally friendly, safe, inexpensive and long-lasting.
"Aqueous rechargeable batteries featuring low-cost and nonflammable water-based electrolytes are intrinsically safe and ... [provide] robustness and cost advantages over competing lithium-ion batteries that use volatile organic electrolytes and are responsible for recent catastrophic explosions," the researchers wrote in the paper. But state-of-the-art aqueous rechargeable batteries have a short lifespan, making them unsuitable for applications where it isn't practical to replace them frequently.
The stumbling block, Yao said, has been the anode, the portion of the battery through which energy flows. Existing anode materials are intrinsically unstable, both structurally and chemically, meaning the battery is only efficient for a relatively short time.
So Yao and his team investigated quinones, an earth-abundant organic material which Yan said costs just $2 per kilogram, demonstrating the material's benefits in three formulations. These differing formulations offer evidence that the material could make an effective anode for both acid batteries and alkaline batteries, such as those currently used in cars, as well as emerging aqueous metal-ion batteries, Liang said. That means quinone-based anodes will work regardless of which battery technology dominates in the future.
The new quinone-based material also allows batteries to work across temperature ranges, Liang said, unlike some conventional aqueous batteries, which are notoriously unreliable in cold weather.
Yao said consumers would quickly notice one key difference over existing battery technology. "One of these batteries, as a car battery, could last 10 years," he said. It also would make battery disposal easier, because the material does not contain toxic heavy metals.
The researchers have filed for three patents for the technology and hope to find partners to commercialize it.
This story is adapted from material from the University of Houston, with editorial changes made by Materials Today. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent those of Elsevier. Link to original source.