This magnetic field data shows the formation and decay of the excitons generated by singlet fission. Image: A. Asadpoor Darvish, McCamey Lab.Researchers at Columbia University have developed a way to harness more power from singlet fission to increase the efficiency of solar cells, providing a tool to help push forward the development of next-generation devices.
In a paper in Nature Chemistry, the team details the design of organic molecules that are capable of generating two excitons per photon of light, a process called singlet fission. The excitons are produced rapidly and can live for much longer than those generated by existing inorganic molecules, leading to an amplification of the electricity generated by each photon absorbed by a solar cell.
"We have developed a new design rule for singlet fission materials," said Luis Campos, an associate professor of chemistry and one of three principal investigators on the study. "This has led us to develop the most efficient and technologically useful intramolecular singlet fission materials to date. These improvements will open the door for more efficient solar cells."
All modern solar panels operate by the same process – one photon of light generates one exciton, a quasiparticle comprising a negatively charged electron bound to a positively charged ‘hole’. The exciton can then be converted into electric current. However, there are some molecules that have the ability to generate two excitons from a single photon – a process called singlet fission. Solar cells containing these molecules form the basis for next-generation devices that are still in their infancy.
One of the biggest challenges of working with such singlet fission molecules is that the two excitons ‘live’ for very short periods of time (tens of nanoseconds), making it difficult to harvest them as a form of electricity. In the current study, funded in part by the Office of Naval Research, Campos and colleagues designed organic molecules that can quickly generate two excitons that live much longer than in other state-of-the-art systems.
This advance can not only be used for next-generation solar energy production, but also for photocatalytic processes in chemistry, sensors and imaging, Campos explained. The excitons can be used to initiate chemical reactions for making drugs, plastics, and many other types of consumer chemicals.
"Intramolecular singlet fission has been demonstrated by our group and others, but the resulting excitons were either generated very slowly, or they wouldn't last very long," Campos said. "This work is the first to show that singlet fission can rapidly generate two excitons that can live for a very long time. This opens the door to fundamentally study how these excitons behave as they sit on individual molecules, and also to understand how they can be efficiently put to work in devices that benefit from light-amplified signals."
The team's design strategy should also prove useful in separate areas of scientific study and have many other yet-unimaginable applications, he added.
This story is adapted from material from Columbia University, with editorial changes made by Materials Today. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent those of Elsevier. Link to original source.