Nanofabrication with biomolecules

The advances in biotechnology and nanotechnology are spawning a new and exciting manufacturing tool – bionanofabrication – which enables revolutionary ways of building complex bionanostructures on surfaces with nanometer precision. Here, we highlight the opportunities and challenges in the development of this emerging technology and discuss its use in genomics, proteomics, nanostructures, nanomaterials, drug discovery, and synthetic biology. To provide useful insights into the future directions of bionanofabrication, current developments in characterization techniques, fabrication methods, and their integration and control in manufacturing processes are discussed.