Doctoral student Len van Deurzen works with a lab setup used to operate the deep-UV laser-emitting device. Photo: Cornell University.Engineers at Cornell University have created a deep-ultraviolet (UV) laser using a semiconducting material that shows great promise for improving the use of UV light for sterilizing medical tools, purifying water, sensing hazardous gases and conducting precision photolithography, among other applications.
When it comes to UV lasers, two important qualities are frequency – certain UV frequencies are best for destroying viruses or sensing molecules – and linewidth, a measure of the laser’s precision. Scientists and engineers seek sources with more efficient, higher quality UV light emission, but it’s challenging to work with the semiconductor materials that form the basis for such sources.
In a paper in AIP Advances, Cornell engineers report their development of an aluminum gallium nitride-based device capable of producing a deep-UV laser beam at sought-after wavelengths and modal linewidths.
“It is known that this is a material that is suitable, but it was a materials synthesis problem,” explained Len van Deurzen, a doctoral student in applied and engineering physics, who led the research. “The challenge is making the materials pure enough that they're actually going to be useful and sustain the requirements of a laser.”
It was a challenge van Deurzen accepted during the COVID-19 pandemic when the market began to boom for ultraviolet LEDs and other tools capable of detecting and eliminating the SARS-CoV-2 virus. “I wanted a research project that could have impact,” van Deurzen said, “and the pandemic really amplified the need for improved ultraviolet devices.”
Under the guidance of the paper’s senior authors, Debdeep Jena and Huili Grace Xing, both professors of materials science and engineering and of electrical and computer engineering, the team used molecular beam epitaxy, a crystal growth technique, to grow a high-quality crystal of aluminum gallium nitride.
“We need multiple aluminum gallium nitride layers stacked on top of each other, and one important parameter is the interface quality between those layers,” said van Deurzen. “We can grow very sharp interfaces without the impurities and dislocations that form with other growth techniques.”
The second challenge was to create an optical cavity from the stacked layers that could be used to trap the emitted light and promote stimulated emission, which is necessary for a laser. The cavity was created in the form of a small, micron-scale resonator on an aluminum nitride chip, which van Deurzen was able to develop with the help of the Cornell NanoScale Science and Technology Facility.
“It is a real privilege to be able to grow the materials and produce the chip at two state-of-the-art facilities located in the same building,” said van Deurzen, referring to Duffield Hall. “You just go from the third floor to the basement.”
Once completed, the laser was able to achieve peak gain at a wavelength of 284nm and modal linewidths on the order of 0.1nm. This linewidth is an order of magnitude more precise than similar devices and demonstrates the growth method’s applicability towards creating improved UV light emitters.
The Cornell deep-UV laser is optically pumped, meaning it produces certain requirements for lasing by inputting photons into the device. The next step in the research, according to Jena, is using the same materials platform to realize a laser that is driven by an electrical current from a battery – a more practical energy source for commercially available light-emitting devices.
“Deep-ultraviolet lasers arguably are the final frontier in semiconductor materials and devices with immense long-term payoffs,” said Jena. “Yet it is also the kind of problem that a young graduate student can get into and make an immediate impact.”
This story is adapted from material from Cornell University, with editorial changes made by Materials Today. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent those of Elsevier. Link to original source.