Dandelions deliver a desirable product: rubber. This is why the robust and undemanding plants have become the focus of attention of the rubber-producing industry. But how is rubber, contained in the plant’s white milky fluid, actually formed? A team of scientists has now identified proteins, which play a key role in the production of rubber in the plant. Thus a biotechnological production of rubber comes closer.
The milky fluid containing the rubber is produced in special cells in the dandelion. Responsible for the formation – the biosynthesis – of the rubber is a protein complex located on the surface of so-called rubber particles. These globular particles are filled with polyisoprene, the main component of rubber, and are surrounded by a protective coating.
As the researchers at Münster University, the Münster branch of the Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IME, the Technische Universität München (TUM) and TRM Ltd. (York, UK) demonstrated, using the example of Russian dandelion, Taraxacum kok-saghyz, there is one special protein (a so-called rubber transferase activator) which plays a key role. If the formation of the protein is prevented – in other words, if it doesn’t exist in the plant – then no rubber is formed.
The scientists assume that the protein is necessary for the formation of the rubber-producing protein complex. A second study, which was carried out with substantial input from researchers from IME and Münster University, identifies a further important protein which plays a key role in the formation of the long polyisoprene chains. These polymers give the rubber its typical properties – its elasticity and resilience.
A long-standing collaboration exists between the research groups in Munich and Münster. "First we have contributed by labeling studies using stable isotopes to investigate the metabolic pathways for latex production," says Professor Wolfgang Eisenreich, biochemist at the TU München. Their contribution to the actual publication was the characterization of the polyisoprene based on NMR spectroscopic measurements.
"Dandelions have become well-known recently in particular as a result of applied research," explains head of research Dr. Christian Schulze Gronover (IME, Münster branch). "Now we are pleased to have some news again from the field of basic research: we have been able to identify no fewer than two key components of rubber biosynthesis."
So far it has not been possible to manufacture natural rubber biotechnologically. But the identification of key components in rubber synthesis has brought this possibility a step closer, the researchers say. Dandelion plants that produce no rubber could be used in future laboratory experiments in order to examine the role of rubber in the plants. According to one idea under discussion, for example, it provides protection against pathogenic agents.
This story is reprinted from material from Technische Universität München, with editorial changes made by Materials Today. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent those of Elsevier. Link to original source.