Structure of the novel solid-state battery, showing the layer between the solid-state electrolyte and the lithium metal anode. Image: University of Surrey.A new technique for making solid-state electrolytes safer and more efficient in solid-state batteries has been developed by researchers at the University of Surrey, the National Physical Laboratory (NPL) and University College London, all in the UK. This research could enhance the energy-storage capabilities of the batteries used in electric vehicles and mobile devices.
The researchers have found a way to manipulate the internal the flow of electrons within a battery to prevent a common problem called ‘lithium dendrite growth’. This occurs when small spikes of lithium metal grow from the surface of the battery’s anode, potentially causing the battery to short-circuit or lose power. To fix this, the team created a special layer, comprising silicon, titanium dioxide and aluminum, between the solid-state electrolyte and the lithium metal anode. This layer can stop unwanted electrons from entering the electrolyte and causing problems – while also increasing the lifespan of the battery.
“We have developed a solution to address the dendrite growth problem in solid-state batteries, where dendrites can cause the complete failure of the battery,” said Xuhui Yao from the University of Surrey and NPL, who is first author of a paper on this work in Energy & Environmental Science. “Our approach involves creating a barrier layer that allows the battery to function normally but slows down dendrite growth and promotes their quick elimination, thus making the battery safer and more reliable.”
Solid-state batteries are so-called because they employ solid-state electrolytes (SSEs), rather than the liquid electrolytes used in conventional batteries. These SSEs are commonly made of ceramics or glass, which offer several potential advantages over liquid electrolytes, including a higher energy density, greater safety and longer lifetimes. The technology is thought to be a promising ingredient in the energy mix that will allow the world to transition to a net-zero future.
“The scientific community must continue to innovate quicker if the world is to develop energy-storage solutions that help the UK and the world transition to net zero,” said Yunlong Zhao, senior lecturer and project leader from the Advanced Technology Institute at the University of Surrey and NPL. “One of the big challenges ahead is how we meet the demand for electric vehicles, and this new method could help confirm solid-state batteries as the right technology for this job.”
This story is adapted from material from the University of Surrey, with editorial changes made by Materials Today. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent those of Elsevier. Link to original source.