The new temperature-dependent 3D-printed polymer composite that can react to its environment. Image courtesy Shelly Zhang and Science Advances, volume 9, issue 47, November 22, 2023.Researchers have developed a new composite material that can change its behavior depending on temperature in order to perform specific tasks. This material is poised to form part of the next generation of autonomous robotics that will interact with the environment.
The new study was conducted by Shelly Zhang, professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, and graduate student Weichen Li, in collaboration with Tian Chen and Yue Wang from the University of Houston. Using computer algorithms, two distinct polymers and 3D printing, the researchers were able to reverse engineer a material that expands and contracts in response to temperature change with or without human intervention. They report their work in a paper in Science Advances.
“Creating a material or device that will respond in specific ways depending on its environment is very challenging to conceptualize using human intuition alone – there are just so many design possibilities out there,” Zhang said. “So, instead, we decided to work with a computer algorithm to help us determine the best combination of materials and geometry.”
The team first used computer modeling to conceptualize a two-polymer composite that can behave differently under various temperatures based on user input or autonomous sensing.
“For this study, we developed a material that can behave like soft rubber in low temperatures and as a stiff plastic in high temperatures,” Zhang said.
Once fabricated into a tangible device, the team tested the new composite material’s ability to respond to temperature changes to perform a simple task – switch on LED lights.
“Our study demonstrates that it is possible to engineer a material with intelligent temperature-sensing capabilities, and we envision this being very useful in robotics,” Zhang said. “For example, if a robot’s carrying capacity needs to change when the temperature changes, the material will ‘know’ to adapt its physical behavior to stop or perform a different task.”
Zhang said that one of the hallmarks of the study is the optimization process that helped the researchers to interpolate the necessary distribution and geometries of the two different polymer materials.
“Our next goal is to use this technique to add another level of complexity to a material’s programmed or autonomous behavior, such as the ability to sense the velocity of some sort of impact from another object,” she said. “This will be critical for robotics materials to know how to respond to various hazards in the field.”
This story is adapted from material from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, with editorial changes made by Materials Today. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent those of Elsevier. Link to original source.